สัญลักษณ์ที่ใช้
- = อักษรใด ๆ ก็ตามก่อนหน้า
(...) = กรณีที่อักษรก่อนหน้านี้เป็น ...
+ = ทำเสียงสระให้ยาวขึ้น
* = ตัดสระตัวดังกล่าวทิ้ง
# = สระหลักของคำ
^ = สระเสียงเดียวกับสระหลักของคำ
กรณีของคำนาม Case Singular Dual Plural Pt. Plural
Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl.
Nominative - -t -(t, nd)u -i -(a,e,i,o,u)r -li
Accusative - -(a,e,i,o,u)+ - -(u)+ -i -lí
Dative (to, for) -n -nt -(u)en -in -lin
Genitive
(of) -o -(a*)o -to -on -lion
Possesive
('s) -wa -(a,e,i,o,u)va -twa -iva -líva
Locative
(at, in) -essë -(a,e,i,o,u)ssë -tsë -issen -(a,e,i,o,u)ssen -lissen
Allative
(to, upon) -enna -(a,e,i,o,u)nna -nta -innar -(a,e,i,o,u)nnar -linnar
Ablative
(from, out of) -ello -(a,e,i,o,u)llo -lto -illon -(a,e,i,o,u)llon -lillon
Instrumental
(by, with) -enen -(a,e,i,o,u)nen -nten -inen -línen
การผันกริยา Case Basic Stem A-Stem
Singular Plural Singular Plural
Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl.
Aorist -ë -ir -(a) -(a)r
Present #+-a #+-ar #+-(a*)ëa #+-(a*)ëar
Past -në -(p*)mpë, -(t*)ntë,
-(c*)ncë, -(l)lë -ner -(p*)mper, -(t*)nter,
-(c*)ncer, -(l)ler -(a)në -(a)ner
Perfect ^#+-ië ^#+-ier ^#+-(a*)ië ^#+-(a*)ier
Future -uva -uvar -(a*)uva -(a*)uvar
Gerund -ita -itar -(a) -(a)r
Dative Gerund -ië -ier -(a*,ya*)ië -(a*,ya*)ier
Imperative á - á - á -(a) á -(a)
Present Pt. -ila -(r)la, -(l)ala -ila -(r)la, -(l)ala -(a)la -(a)la
Past Pt. -ina -(r)na, -(l)da -inar -(r)nar, -(l)dar -(a)na -(a)nar
คำคุณศัพท์ Case Singular Plural
Norm. Spcl. Norm. Spcl.
Adjective - -i -(a*)ë, -(ë*)i, -(ëa*)i&ë, -(i,o,u)r
คำสรรพนาม Pronoun Possesive Ind. Pronoun
Eng Quenya Eng Quenya Eng Quenya
I, Me -n, -nyë My -nya Me ni, inyë
You (court.) -l, -lyë Your -lya You lë, elyë
You (fam.) -ccë Your -cca You etyë
He, Him -ro His -rya Him so
She, Her -rë Her -rya Her së
It -s, -t Its -rya It ta
We, Us (excl.) -mmë Our -mma Us më
We, Us (incl.) -lmë Our -lma
We, Us (dual) -lvë Our -lva, -lwa Us met
They, Them -ntë Their -nta Them të
คำแทน Query This That Some Every
Eng Quenya Eng Quenya Eng Quenya Eng Quenya Eng Quenya
Adjective which man this si that ta some ? every ?
Person who man this si that enta someone ner everyone oiner
Thing what man this si that ta something ? everything oi
Place where mammen here sinomë there ímen somewhere ? everywhere ?
Time when íre ? now sí then tárë ? sometime ? always oialëอย่างประโยค
ต่อไปนี้เป็นตัวอย่างการแต่งประโยค จากกฏเกณฑ์ที่ได้อ่านมาทั้งหมด เวลาดูตัวอย่าง ก็ให้ลองดู เพจคำศัพท์เควนย่า ประกอบไปด้วย ตัวอย่างเหล่านี้ ผู้เขียนเป็นผู้แต่งเองทั้งหมดนะครับ โดยที่ไม่ทราบเหมือนกันว่า ถูกผิดประการใด (แต่งเอามัน) แต่ก็น่าจะช่วยให้ผู้อ่านเข้าใจหลักการต่าง ๆ ได้มากขึ้น เรื่องของหลักการเรียงประโยค ก็ยังไม่ทราบแน่ชัด อาศัยความรู้สึกเอา ก็ลองอ่านดูครับ มีคำแนะนำประการใดก็ส่งเมล์มาได้
หมายเหตุเกี่ยวกับชื่อเฉพาะ
ชื่อเฉพาะบางชื่อ ที่ได้นำมาใช้ในการแต่งประโยค บางคำก็เป็นภาษาอื่นที่ไม่ใช่ภาษาเควนย่า และบางคำก็ไม่สามารถออกเสียง หรือทำการผันคำได้แบบภาษาเควนย่า ผู้เขียนจึงจำเป็นต้องปรับเปลี่ยนชื่อเฉพาะให้เป็นภาษาเควนย่า แต่ผู้เขียนเองก็ไม่ทราบว่าคำ ๆ นั้นภาษาเควนย่าจริง ๆ เรียกว่าอะไร จึงได้เมคขึ้นมาเอง (หรือเรียกว่า มั่วแบบมีหลักการ) ได้แก่คำต่อไปนี้
ซินดาริน Legolas = Green leaf; เควนย่า laiqua=green, lassë=leaf; จึงได้ใช้ Laiqolassë
เวสทรอน Halfling = ซินดาริน Perian = Halfling; เควนย่า Perina = half; จึงได้ใช้ Perian เช่นกัน แต่รูปพหูพจน์เป็น Periani แทน ซินดาริน Periain
เวสทรอน Mirkwood = ซินดาริน Taur-nu-fuin = Forest under night; เควนย่า taure=forest, nu=under, fui=night; จึงได้ใช้ Taurenufuin เนื่องจากพยายามให้ใกล้เคียงกับเสียงของซินดาริน
เวสทรอน Rivendell = ซินดาริน Imladris = Deep dale of the cleft; เนื่องจากไม่มีคำไหนในภาษาเควนย่า ที่ใกล้เคียงกับคำนี้เลย เลยขอใช้คำนี้ในภาษาซินดารินแบบเก่าแทน นั่นคือ Imbilatrissë
Wantan = I walk
Wantal = You walk
Wantaro = He walks
Wantarë = She walks
Laiqolassë wanta = Legolas walks
Wantalmë = We walk
Wantantë = They walk
Periani wantar = Hobbits walk
Wantëan = I am walking
Wantëal = You are walking
Wantëaro = He is walking
Wantëarë = She is walking
Laiqolassë wantëa = Legolas is walking
Wantëalmë = We are walking
Wantëantë = They are walking
Periani wantëar = Hobbits are walking
Wantanen = I walked
Wantanel = You walked
Wantanero = He walked
Wantanerë = She walked
Laiqolassë wantanë = Legolas walked
Wantanelmë = We walked
Wantanentë = They walked
Periani wantaner = Hobbits walked
Wantuvan = I will walk
Wantuval = You will walk
Wantuvaro = He will walk
Wantuvarë = She will walk
Laiqolassë wantuva = Legolas will walk
Wantuvalmë = We will walk
WantuWantë = They will walk
Periani wantuvar = Hobbits will walk
Tulin = I come
Túlan = I am coming
Tullen = I came
Utúlien = I have come
Tuluvan = I will come
Laiqolassë tulë = Legolas comes
Laiqolassë túla = Legolas is coming
Laiqolassë tullë = Legolas came
Laiqolassë utúlië = Legolas has come
Laiqolassë tuluva = Legolas will come
Tulintë = They come
Túlantë = They are coming
Tullentë = They came
Utúlientë = They have come
Tuluvantë = They will come
Periani tulir = Hobbits come
Periani túlar = Hobbits are coming
Periani tuller = Hobbits came
Periani utúlier = Hobbits have come
Periani tuluvar = Hobbits will come
Haryan culumar = I have oranges
Mátan culumar = I eat oranges
Cénan culumar = I see oranges
Ecénien culumar = I have seen oranges
Umecénien kú = I have never seen bow
Umharyan kú = I don't have bow
Laiqolassë harya kú = Legolas has a bow
Laiqolassë lunga i kú = Legolas bends the bow
Laiqolassë ecénie culumar = Legolas has seen oranges
Er Laiqolassë umharya culuma = But Legolas doesn't have orange
Antan Laiqolassen culuma = I give an orange to Legolas
Laiqolassë anta nin mastarya = Legolas gives me his bread
Mélan masta Laiqolasseva = I like Legolas's bread
Laiqolassë méla culumanya = Legolas likes my orange
Mélan culumar ar masta = I like oranges and bread
Mélan matita = I like eating
Laiqolassë onin mélar matita = Legolas and I like eating
Ar Laiqolassë méla lirë = And Legolas loves to sing
Liruvaro= He will sing
Koiwuvaro= He will awake
Ananta nu mórë koiwuvaro= He will yet awake under night
Rimbavë er liruvaro= He will often singing alone
Ananta nu mórë rimbavë koiwuva ar er liruvaro = He will often stay awake at night and singing alone
Laiqolassë ná i cundu Taurenufuino = Legolas is the prince of Mirkwood
Taurenufuinessë omentanen Laiqolassë = I met Legolas at Mirkwood
Laiqolassë omentanë i Periani Imbilatrissessë = Legolas met the Hobbits at Rivendell
Nertë mellon lenduvar Hyarmenenna = Nine of us will go to the south
Lenduvalmë ana Hyarmen = We will go to the south
Ana Hyarmen lenduvalmë wantarinen = We will go to the south by walking
Haryalmë minë rocco i kola natilma = We have one horse to carry our stuffs
หมวดบุคคล Quendë "Elf" Elda "(non-Avari) Elf" Atan "(Mortal) Man" Firya, Fírima "Mortal"
Nauco, Casar "Dwarf" Picinauco, Pityanauco "Petty-dwarf" Orco, Urco "Orc" quén "person" (pl. queni)
nér "man" (pl. neri) vëo "adult man" (pl. vëaner) nís, nissë "woman" (pl. nissi) hína "child"
lapsë "babe" seldo "boy" (?) vendë "maiden, girl" lië "people"
หมวดครอบครัว verno "husband" vessë "wife" indis "bride, wife" atar "father"
atto = "dad" amil, ammë "mother" mamil = "mom" yondo "son"
yeldë "daughter" toron "brother" (pl. torni) onónë, seler "sister" (pl. selli) indyo "grandchild, descendant"
onóna "twin" (pl. ónoni). otorno "sworn brother, associate" osellë "sister, associate"
หมวด!
celva "moving animal" laman "four-footed animals" andamunda "elephant" huo "dog"
ronyo "hound of chase" hyalma "shell, conch" leuca, ango "snake" (pl. angwi) lingwë "fish"
hala "small fish" lókë, angulókë "worm, dragon" rámalókë "winged dragon" urulókë "fire-dragon"
lingwilókë "sea-serpent" máma "sheep" morco "bear" mundo "ox, snout"
nyaro "rat" rá "lion" (pl. rávi) ráca, narmo "wolf" nauro "werewolf"
rocco "horse" rusco "fox" wilwarin "butterfly" mëoi "cat"
nion, nier "bee" noldarë, nolpa "mole" yaxë "cow" (pl. yaxi) aiwë "bird"
filit "(small) bird" (pl. filici) alqua "swan" ammalë "yellow hammer" cu, cua "dove"
halatir , halatirno "kingfisher" lindo "singing bird" lómelindë "nightingale" maiwë "gull"
soron, sornë "eagle" tambaro "woodpecker" tuilindo "swallow" quáco, corco "crow"
หมวดพืช
olva "plant" uilë , ëaruilë "long trailing plant, sea-weed" salquë "grass" sara "stiff dry grass"
lassë "leaf" olwa "branch" tussa "bush" hwan "sponge, fungus"
lótë "flower" lossë "blossom (white)" nieninquë "snowdrop" asëa aranion "athelas, kingsfoil"
alda "tree" ornë "tree" (more slender, birch) alalmë "elm-tree" feren "beech-tree"
ercassë "holly" malinornë "mallorn" norno "oak" tasar, tasarë "willow"
tyulussë "poplar-tree"
หมวดธาตุ
erma, orma, hroa "matter" tinco , rauta "metal" malta "gold" cullo "red gold"
telpë, tyelpë "silver" anga "iron" cemen "earth, soil" nén "water"
nárë "flame, fire" vilya, wilma, wista "air" lossë "snow" helcë "ice"
litsë "sand" asto "dust" ondo "stone, rock" rossë "dew"
hrávë "flesh" sercë, yár "blood" hyellë "glass" tó "wool"
fallë "foam"
หมวดร่างกาย
cár "head" loxë, findë "hair" anta "face" hén "eye" (pl. hendi, dual hendu)
lár "pair of ears" nengwë "nose" anto "mouth" pé "lip"
nelet "tooth" (pl. nelci) lamba "tongue" fanga "beard" lanco "throat"
yat (yaht-) "neck" hón "(physical) heart" indo "(symbolic) heart" ranco "arm" (pl. ranqui)
má "hand" cambë "hollow of hand" quárë "fist" lepsë "finger"
tiuco "thigh" telco "leg" (pl. telqui) tál "foot" tallunë "sole of foot"
axo "bone" ólemë "elbow" aldamo "back" hroa "body"
หมวดบรรดาศักดิ์
aran "king" tári "queen" cundu "prince" aranel "princess"
heru "lord" heri "lady" arquen "a noble" aryon, haryon "heir"
roquen "knight" cáno "commander" tercáno "herald" istyar "scholar"
sairon "wizard" (but Gandalf was an istar) ingólemo "sage" lambengolmo "loremaster of tongues" (linguist) tano "craftsman, smith"
quentaro "narrator" samno "carpenter, wright, builder" tyaro "doer, actor, agent" cemnaro, centano "potter"
หมวดอาหาร
apsa "cooked food, meat" masta "bread" sáva "juice" pirya "juice, syrup"
lís, liss- "honey" yávë "fruit" porë "flour, meal" culuma "orange"
sulca "edible root" coimas "lembas" miruvórë "mead" limpë "wine, drink of the Valar"
sulpa "soup" pio "plum, cherry" piucca "berry" tyuru "cheese"
หมวดภูมิศาสตร์
nórë "land" nórië "country" arda "realm, a particular land or region" ména "region"
men "place, spot" réna "border" peler "fenced field" panda "enclosure"
oron "mountain" (pl. oronti) rassë, tildë "peak, horn" ambo "hill" cilya "cleft"
nandë "valley" tumbo "deep valley, under or among hills" yáwë "ravine, cleft, gulf" pendë "slope, declivity"
mallë "way, street" (pl. maller) tië "path" taurë "great wood, forest" ehtelë "spring, issue of water"
ailin, linya "pool, lake" ringë "cold pool or lake (in mountains)" sírë "river" nellë "brook"
hópa "haven" hresta, hyapat "shore" falassë "beach" ëar "sea"
celma "channel" tol "island" (pl. tolli) lóna "island, remote land"
Formen "North" Hyarmen "South" Númen "West" Rómen "East"
หมวดอากาศ
mistë "fine rain" fanya "cloud" lumbo "(dark, lowering) cloud" súrë, vaiwa "wind"
árë "sunlight" hísë, hísië "mist" raumo "(noise of a) storm" nixë "frost"
lúrë "dark weather"
หมวดดวงดาว
Anar, Naira, Vása "Sun" Isil, Rána "Moon" elen (poetic él) "star" tinwë, nillë "star"
tingilyë, tingilindë "twinkling star" Eärendil "Venus" Carnil "Mars" Alcarinquë "Jupiter"
Nénar "Neptune" Luinil "Uranus" Lumbar "Saturn" Telumehtar, Menelmacar "Swordsman of the Sky" = Orion
Valacirca "Sickle of the Valar" = Great Bear Wilwarin "Butterfly" = Cassiopeia (?) menel, hellë cf. fanyarë "upper airs and skies"
หมวดกวี
lindalë, lindelë "music" lírë "song" lairë "poem" nainië "a lament"
verb lir- "sing, chant" verb nanda- "to harp" noun nandë "harp" nandellë "little harp"
nandaro "harper" nyello, lindo "singer" nyellë "bell" salma "lyre"
หมวดสงคราม
ohta "war" verb ohtacar- "make war" verb mahta- "fight" ohtar, ohtatyaro, mahtar "warrior"
ehtyar "spearman" cotumo "enemy" macil "sword" lango "broad sword"
ecet "small broad-bladed sword" sicil "dagger, knife" quinga, cú "bow" pilin "arrow" (pl. pilindi)
nehtë "spear-head" ehtë, ecco "spear" turma "shield" cassacarma "helmet"
hossë "army"
หมวดสถาปัตยกรรม
ataquë "construction, building" coa, car, card- "house" ampano "building, wooden hall" ando "gate"
andon "great gate" fenda "threshold" sambë "room, chamber" caimasan "bed-chamber" (pl. caimasambi)
tópa "roof" talan "floor" (pl. talami) ramba "wall" mindo "(isolated) tower"
mindon "great tower" osto "city, town with wall round" opelë "walled house or village, town" hróta "dwelling underground, artifical cave or rockhewn hall"
telma "the last item in a structure" (such as a coping-stone, or a topmost pinnacle)
หมวดเวลา
lú "a time, occasion" lúmë "time, hour" vanwië "the past" yárë "former days"
yalúmë "former times" aurë, arë "day" lómë "night (twilight)" ló, mórë, Hui/Fui "night"
ára "dawn" arin "morning" arië "daytime" sinyë "evening"
tindómë "twilight (dawn)" undómë "twilight (evening)" anarórë "sunrise" núro, andúnë "sunset"
asta "month" loa "year" coranar "sun-round (year)" yén "long year" (Elvish "century" of 144 solar years)
randa "cycle, age"
coirë "stirring" (early spring) tuilë "budding" (late spring) lairë "summer" yávië "harvest" (early autumn)
quellë "fading" (late autumn) hrívë "winter" lasselanta "leaf-fall (autumn)" lassewinta "leaf-scattering (autumn)"
Narvinyë "January" Nénimë "February" Súlimë "March" Víressë "April"
Lótessë "May" Nárië "June" Cermië "July" Úrimë "August"
Yavannië "September" Nénimë "October" Hísimë "November" Ringarë "December"
หมวดจำนวน
minë 1 atta 2 neldë 3 canta 4
lempë 5 enquë 6 otso 7 tolto 8
nertë 9 cainen 10 minquë 11 rasta 12
haranya "hundredth" (?) haran "hundred" (?) hosta "large number"
หมวดสี
carnë "red" culuina "orange" (but fruit is culuma) fána, fánë "white" (as clouds) helwa "pale blue"
laiqua "green" (Valarin ezel, ezella) laurëa "golden" lossë "(snow) white" luin "blue"
malina "yellow" morë, morna "black" ninquë "white" silma "silver, shining white"
sindë , sinda "grey" varnë "swart, (dark) brown" nasar "red" ulban "blue"
tulca "yellow"
หมวดคุณศัพท์
vanya, vanima, linda "beautiful, fair" mára "useful, good" (of things) raica "wrong, crooked" ulca, úmëa "evil"
halla "tall" anda "long" sinta "short" alta "great" (in size)
úra "large" úvëa "very large, abundant" titta "tiny" pitya "small"
parca "dry" mixa "wet" arca "narrow" nindë , teren "slender"
tiuca "thick, fat" lunga "heavy" lissë "sweet" sára "bitter"
quanta "full" lusta "empty" lauca "warm" ringa, ringë "cold"
forya "right" hyarya "left" vinya, sinya "new" yerna "old, worn" (เก่า)
nessa "young" linyenwa "old" (แก่ แต่ไม่ชราเพราะเอล์ฟไม่รู้จักแก่) cuina "alive" coirëa "living"
qualin "dead" firin "dead" (of Mortals) anwa "real"
หมวดกริยา
na- "be" u-, um- "be not, do not" car- "make, do" harya- "possess, have"
mar- "dwell" cen- "see" hlar- "hear" ista- "know" (pa.t. sintë
lelya- "go" (past tense lendë
mat- "eat" mer- "wish, desire, want" móta- "labour, toil" tul- "come" quet- "speak" hir- "find" anta- "give"
mel- "love" (as friend) sil- "shine" lunga-, kauta- "bend" lilta- "dance"
lanta- "fall" vil- "fly" auta- "invent" lasta- "listen"
omenta- "meet" panta- "open" mak- "slay" wanta- "walk"
kola- "carry" koiva- "awake"
หมวดบุพบท
amba, ama "up, upwards" an "for, to" ana , na "to, towards apa "after"
ara "outside, beside" arta "across" arwa "having, with" (followed by genitive) enga "save, except"
et "out of" (followed by ablative) hequa "except" ho "from" imbë "between"
mi "in" mí "in the" mir, minna "into" nu , no"under"
undu "down, under, beneath" or "over" ter, terë "through" ve "as, like"
o- "together" oro- "high" pella "beyond" (postposition) ananta "and yet, but yet"
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